E&P overview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

E&P overview - Essay Example The Liquefied Natural Gas is slated to deliver in two phases, Train 1 and Train 2 to be completed in 2007 and 2009. The former will supply LNG to America and the latter to Asia for next 25 years. Apart from making Qatar Petroleum and ExxonMobil major producers of LNG, The project will also strengthen the position of Qatar State in the LNG market. By the decade’s end Qatar’s LNG exports will exceed 77 Mta. The offshore development of construction and installation of two wellhead platforms and two offshore pipelines for the required gas feedstock is being carried out by J. Ray McDermott Middle East. A Joint Venture between Qatar Petroleum and ExxonMobil, Barzan Project will yield will yield about 1.5 billion cubic feet per day of domestic gas to be supplied for infrastructural and industrial projects of the State of Qatar. The project for Appraisal, Development and Production Sharing Agreement (ADPSA) signed between Qatar and ONGC Videsh Ltd, with latter as the operator of Najwat Najwat Oil Structure. ADPSA ranges for a period of 20 years with initial two years dedicated to Appraisal and rest for development. Appraisal phase includes reprocessing of 200 sq km of seismic data, and drilling of two appraisal wells, which started in 2007. According to a latest news report ONGC Videsh Ltd has found oil in the Najwat Najem block. According to Kurdish Regional Government that the oil reserves if northern Iraq are exploited, it can lead to increase in oil production of Iraq from 2 million barrels per day to 8 million barrels a day. A Joint Venture between company with an investment of US $2 Billion gas exports to Oman and includes setting up of 500 Km of gas pipeline. The pipeline will transfer one billion cubic feet of gas per day to Oman. Oilex is recommending to Joint Venture participants and the Omani regulatory authorities that 7 inch casing be run and a production testing program carried out over the primary and secondary objectives

Strategic Management Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Strategic Management Planning - Essay Example Their number of customers is accruing on a steady basis. Despite of all this there are certain serious issues which need to be taken into consideration for the company to achieve success in all the areas. After reviewing the whole company through the process of Porter's analysis, SWOT analysis, financial analysis and Mckinsey analysis I have gathered certain issues, which if handled the company can do hundred times better then their current output. Those customers who could not pay for their repaired motors used to leave their motors with the company. The company can facilitate them in the form of paying their amounts through installments. Here the company would not have to worry about the untaken cars but just would have to keep track of the installment payments. This would leave extra space within the workshop. No doubts that the company has UL certification, but the awareness of ISO certification is making the customers more conscious as to where to buy the service. Having the ISO certification would help us also cater those customers who are ISO conscious for the quality provided. The company is not giving any salary appraisal automatically. In order to motivate their staff and maximize the output, the company should pay its employees in the form of piece rate. Here the staff would be paid some base pay as well as extra pay on each motor that they have helped in repairing. 7. Finance The company is in dire need of accountants. A lot of stuff is being done on the basis of historical data, which would be unhealthy in the long run. 8. Research and Development Do research on electric motors to be used in water industry as the analysis shows that there would soon be changes being made in the water industry. 9. Innovation Be innovative and creative in manufacturing sophisticated devices. 10. Research There have been unknown reasons for winding failures. Why not hire some skilled workers to research on this problem. A solution to it would be a lottery for the company. 11. Customized Control Panels Brithinee has a competitive advantage over making customized control panels. Why not advertise our capabilities to let the untapped market know of our skills. 12. Research The company is losing quite amount of money due to its gas emissions. There is always a solution to cut down costs. Find out ways as to how to reduce these harmful emissions. Look for what other repair shops are using. 13. Customer Site Find solutions for catering the customers at their own site. The more we expand our services the more

The Effects of Immigration on Children and Families

The Effects of Immigration on Children and Families Introduction Illegal immigration is a very controversial issue within our society. There are families within our society that are made up of parents that are here illegally but have children who are born here and are citizens. But it is these citizens that are what I am referring to as the incomplete citizens. Who are these incomplete citizens and why are they being impacted by our society? Are there different stipulations for these children that are born to these undocumented families? Do they really receive the same rights as those born to U.S. citizens? Our societies including our politicians have different opinions about illegal immigration. Immigration reform negatively affects those children that are born to undocumented parents. They find themselves facing adversities that had the situation been different would never have to face. Working in an elementary school I have seen first-hand how those children are affected as a result of their parents legal status. My purpose in this research is to show the emotional, educational, and financial effects that are inflicted on the undocumented families. This is a problem that is not going to be resolved overnight but rather this is a problem that is going to need help from the various disciplines. With this research more information will be found to present how children are affected through the different disciplines and how these disciplines integrate and can have a more insightful understanding of the issues at hand. The four disciplines that I will focus on will by  communication, government, business and psychology. It is through these varied disciplines that I will show how these children are living their lives as incomplete citizens. The current ruling passed by Farmers Branch is a prime example of how the undocumented families have to make difficult decisions. Communication Through the lens of communication we see how culture, the media and our society affects the way how these children are viewed. Culture has negative and positive effects on these children. By doing some research I saw how various groups and organizations have different perspectives regarding undocumented families and there U.S. born children. Our society is divided by the issue. Some think that since those children are already here they should be included in the view that they are our future. They should be accepted and receive the benefits of all American born citizens. On the other hand, there are others in our society that think that these children are a burden. They believe that those specific children should not receive the same benefit that a United States citizen receives because of their parents illegal status. In addition, the media at times has a negative impact on these children. It is traumatic to see or hear through the various channels of communication how these families are being torn apart, separated and punished and even at times being labelled as criminals because they do not have the proper documentation. These children are faced with the real possibility that at any moment those same types of situations can easily happen to them. It is these kinds of circumstances that can affect the childrens wellbeing. The common view among these undocumented families is that they came here to have a chance at a better future. They do not view themselves as criminals, but rather as people that are willing to work hard to provide their family with a better existence. â€Å"It says especially to Congress that were tired of the out-of –control illegal Immigration problem. That if Congress doesnt do something about it cities will, said Tim OHare a City Council member who was the ordinances lead proponent (Anti-Illegal Immigrant Law, 2007). It is people like Mr. Tim OHare, a city council for Framers Branch and other groups that force illegal immigrants to make hard decision that will affect them and their families. These people get the attention from the media to address and show how illegal immigrants are a problem in our society. Government Government is another disciple that has a great deal to with how the children of undocumented families are affected. According to Repko, â€Å"political science is the study of power (raw and constrained) and influence in government, political processes, institutions, and relationship involving rule and authority.† (Repko, 2005. pg. 58). Government has created laws, regulations, reforms and acts that affect the undocumented parents on day to day basis. For example, The Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 states that it is illegal to hire an undocumented person. This makes it difficult for the family member to obtain a steady job which in many cases causes a financial burden to the family. On the other hand, we have the 14th  Amendment that gives the right to any child born in the United States soil to have the right to be a citizen regardless of their parent legal status. These are some examples of how government has imposed themselves on illegal immigrants. I view this as an historic opportunity for Congress to act, for Congress to replace a system that is not working with one that we believe will work a lot better. In other words, this is a moment for people who have been elected to come together, focus on a problem, and show the American people that we can work together to fix the problem.† President George W. Bush (The White House, 2007) This is a statement by the Press Secretary on Comprehensive Immigration reform. President George W. Bush says that illegal immigration is a problem that needs a solution. Not only is our society divided with this issue, but we see the political debates that follow regarding illegal immigration. In order to reduce all of the confusion and the political debates about illegal immigration we need the government to have a better and clear understanding of who is really considered a U. S. citizen and what their rights really are. Business Another discipline that integrates into this topic is business. This approach has been affected from an economics point of view. In Repkos textbook of economic concept that deal with illegal immigration is opportunity, cost and unemployment. In addition, the epistemology of the economics is how the math configuration is presented. (Repko, 2005. pg. 58). Illegal immigration not only affects the economy of the United States but the parents home country as well. For example if these illegal immigrants are having trouble obtaining a job to support their families they do not send any money to their home countries. In addition if these parents are deported to Mexico and if their children stay in the United States, this is a cost that society will be forced to cover. For example, these children will qualify for federal programs like CHIP, Medicare, food stamps and other governmental programs that these children are entitled to. How much and who is paying for this benefit that a parent would cover it they were here with their children. In additional, are the illegal parents helping the economy or making it worse for everybody else. Some of these illegal parents are not paying their taxes that they should pay. On the other hand there are people that are here illegally that pay taxes and do not receive the benefits. Due to these kinds of situations is what at times helps to divide society even more. Society is then forced to think of the financial backlash of having the undocumented family members deported or come up with sanctions or pardons that would allow them to stay in this country and contribute rather than be a burden. Psychology In the psychology approach we see how these children are affected emotionally, mentally and sociologically by having an illegal parent. As stated in Repkos textbook, â€Å"The epistemology of psychology is that psychological constructs and their interrelationships can inferred through discussion and observation and applied to treatment (clinical) or a series of experiments with slight variation (experimental).† (Repko, 2005. pg.60). When children are growing they are already faced with many changes not to mention all the hurdles that they deal with, but to add the additional stress of having to deal with the possibility that their family may be torn apart because of their parents status is traumatic. Imagine not having your mother or father with you during your childhood because one of them was deported. This creates a very emotional and sociological imbalance in their lives. How will the child deal with this problem? The childs education may also be jeopardized by having to move locations due to laws or acts that are taking place in todays society. One example is Farmers Branch, Texas where the city council passed an ordinance that stated that illegal immigrants were not allowed to rent apartments. As a result the parent will be forced to make a decision of moving or to stay and take their chances of being deported. In other situations, where the parent was deported to their home country the child may have been forced to live with another family member or return with their parents. In this situation a parent has to make the difficult decision of taking the children to their home country or leaving them behind to have a better opportunity of life. If this child is taken to their home country would he or she have the opportunity to have an education? What quality of education will this child have in another country even though this child is American citizen? They may not be able to finish school because they may have to financially support the family. Also, this child may not have the support to have a college education due to the financial burden that the family is going through. These are some of the situations that a child has to think about when having an illegal parent. Conclusion Through this research that we can see that illegal immigration is a problem that needs an Interdisciplinary approach to better understand it. This is a problem that has our society and government divided on how it should be handled and how it is going to find a better solution to solve this problem. This problem affects different disciplines in different ways but with this research more information will be found to present how children are affected through the different disciplines and how each discipline can stand alone but at the same time they integrate with each other to have a better understanding of the issue. How much of this childs life is different from other children as a result of having a parent that is an illegal? Do these incomplete citizens have the right to stay in the United States if they were born here but their parents are not here legally? This is a problem that needs the different approaches of the different disciplines to come up with a more beneficial solution for the children that are caught in the middle of this problem. It is through communication that we see how this issue is viewed and understood in our society. What policies and laws are in place to deal with this issue? Are they working and where is improvement needed? Through psychology we are able to see how a child is affected emotionally, mentally, and sociologically by having an illegal parent. Communication, government, business and psychology are needed to find the common ground for this problem and to find a better understanding of how childrens lives are being affected by having an illegal parent. More initiatives to help these children that are affected may help. Having a more solid understanding of the right of a citizen but born to illegal parents can help the four disciplines address the problem. By my research I hope to see how the four disciplines integrate within each other to have better perspective of this problem and to see what the incomplete citizens have been facing for years and are still facing in our society by having an illegal parent. Background Illegal immigration has been an issue of discussion from the local to the national level in the United States for many years and more so in the present. Immigration affects not only the immigrant and his family but also society as a whole. Even the political candidates that are in the running for president address the subject with caution. Society and politics have different perspectives regarding illegal immigration. Immigration laws and policies have made it difficult for families of illegal parents to support their children that are citizens of the United States. The Webster Dictionary defines immigrate to enter a country to settle (Kidney, 1992). Many people have come to the United States from different countries and for a variety of reasons, ranging from religious to political to economic circumstances. Each wave of newcomers that have arrived in this â€Å"New World† has faced many obstacles. It is difficult to go back in history to a time in which any new wave of people was received with open arms. On the contrary, these new arrivals were often shunned, abused and seen as unskilled workers. Immigration to the United States must be seen from a historical lens to understand its complexities. Immigration has had its roots since the birth of the United States beginning with the Africans and continuing to the present times. After the 1600s, the Africans were shipped to the colonies to serve the plantation owners, resulting in the institution of slavery. The white servant worked for a period of time, and most importantly became free and equal after completing his term. However, society considered the black slave and his family and children as property for life which made the white servant move to the north to have an opportunity to be a free landowner. Thus, a greater demand increased for black slaves in the southern colonies. As a consequence, the slave trade increased tremendously during the 1700s, resulting in an innumerable mass of African slaves shipped to the colonies. â€Å"The unique but unmistakably tragic migration of these people had ‘planted the seeds of a difficulty that would permanently mark the nation.† (Handlin, 1972). (Immigration, n.d.). The Germans fled from their homeland due to violent conditions and immigrated to the United States in the early 1700s. Another wave of German immigrants came to the United States after the 1800s. At this particular time, they left their homeland due to population growth, and the fact that modernization negatively impacted family businesses. Ironically, modernization improved the means of transportation with the steam boat and steam train which conveniently assisted the Germans to immigrate to the United States (Immigration, n.d.). The Chinese immigrated to the United States in the 1700s due to the California Gold Rush. The first wave of Chinese immigrants was well received by the Americans because of their qualities of dependability and diligence. However, the pouring of unskilled Chinese labourers in the mid 1800s changed the Americans attitude from one of acceptance to one of negativity and hostility. The Naturalization Act of 1870 and the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 restricted Chinese immigration to the United States. â€Å"The Naturalization Act of 1870 restricted all immigration into the U.S. to only ‘white persons and persons of African descent, meaning that all Chinese were placed in a different category, a category that placed them as ineligible for citizenship from that time till 1943.† (Immigration, n.d.). Despite the laws, the Chinese population in the United States increased and reached its peak in 1890 with 107,488 people (Immigration, n.d.). The Irish immigrated to the United States since the 1820s due to religious and political circumstances. A mass of Irish immigrants poured into the United States due to the devastating effects of the great potato rot in 1845. Starving families had no other alternative but to leave their homeland in order to have a better quality of life. The flow of Irish immigrants continued to grow, and many settled in established Irish communities to retain their religion, culture, and customs. The Italians immigrated to the United States in the mid-1800s and demonstrated their diligence by working in a variety of jobs ranging from sewer cleaning to dangerous jobs that others refused to work (Immigration, n.d.). The Japanese immigrated to the United States in the late 1800s due to economys effect on modernization which resulted in bankruptcies and unemployment. The Japanese immigrants experienced many similarities as the Chinese immigrants. The Japanese immigrants were unskilled labourers and became more successful which the American society resented. Consequently, laws were passed to prevent Japanese immigrants to advance onto the next step of the status ladder. The advancement and competition compounded with Japans attack on Pearl Harbour in 1941 added to the hostility towards the Japanese immigrants (Immigration, n.d.). Due to the influx of immigrants from numerous countries, â€Å"the House Committee of Immigration chose Ellis Island as the site for a new immigrant screening station in 1890.† (Ellis Island) Extensive screening took place at Ellis Island which determined the fate of the immigrants. The fear of family separation or lacking certain qualifications added to the immigrants anxieties. Immigration through Ellis Island decreased due to legislation and shut down in 1954 by the Immigration Services. Immigration has had a powerful impact in the birth and development of the United States. It is a melting pot of diverse ethnicities and cultures. The past immigrants have had to overcome their hardships to attain the American dream. Interestingly, the current immigrants from Latin American countries are in the same predicament as the past immigrants (Immigration, n.d.). Illegal Central Americans have immigrated to the United States in late 1970s due to political and economic circumstances. The Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 â€Å"institutes employer sanctions for knowingly hiring illegal aliens, create legalization programs, and increases border enforcement.† (Fix and Passel, 1994). Even though the act has been in effect since 1986, the problem of illegal immigration is prevalent in todays society. According to Steven Camarotas article, â€Å"Immigrants in the United States, 2007: A Profile of Americans Foreign-Born Population† and data from the Census Bureau in March 2007, â€Å"one in three immigrants is an illegal alien. Half of Mexican and Central American immigrants and one-third of South American immigrants are illegal.† (Camarota, 2007). According to Table 4 of the Centre for Immigration Studies, â€Å"Latin American and Caribbean countries dominate the list of immigrant-sending countries, accounting for almost half of the top-25 countries.† (Camarota, 2007). (Camarota, 2007) Immigration reform, a controversial topic, is addressed by the presidential candidates. According to Jimenez in his article, â€Å"Whos the immigration candidate?† Senators Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton â€Å"favour comprehensive immigration reform: increased border security, a pathway to citizenship and an electronic employment verification system. â€Å" (Jimenez, 2008). President Bush and the presidential candidates Obama and Clinton state that there is a need for a comprehensive immigration reform because the present immigration system is ineffective. Since the present immigration system is ineffective, city councils such as Farmers Branch are taking further action to control illegal immigration such as implementing an ordinance that requires apartment managers to verify their legal status (Garay, 2007). Illegal immigration is a problem full of complexities that cannot be solved with merely one discipline. As seen in figure 1 immigrates has increase from 24.3 million in 1995 to 37.3 million in 2007 (Camarota, 2007). To attain a greater understanding of illegal immigration, the need of integrated disciplines must be analysed (Repko, 2005). First, government will address the legislation and the effectiveness and ineffectiveness of the present immigration system. Second, communication will express the different perspectives of illegal immigration. Third, business will focus on the immigrations economic impact on the United States. Finally, psychology will present the familys emotional impact on illegal immigration. All the contributions from the disciplines of government, communication, business and psychology will provide meaningful insights that will result in a more detailed understanding of the complex issues of immigration (Repko, 2005). Bibliography Communication Activists Warn Irving PD Targets Immigrants  . 2007, September 22). CBS11tv. Retrieved December 4, 2007, from http://cbs11tv.com/consumer/illegal.immigrants.profiling.2.507054.html Garay, Anabelle. (2007, May).  Anti-Illegal-Immigrant Law Okd in Texas. Washington Post. Retrieved December 4, 2007, from http://www,washingtonpost.com/wp=dyn/content/article/2007/05/13/AR2007051300240.html Immigration-The Journey to America. Oracle Think Quest. Retrieved February 28, 2008, from http://library.thinkquest.org/20619/ Krech, Rachel. (2007, May 13).  Texas Town Passes Anti-Illegal Immigrant Law.  Associated Content. Retrieved December 4, 2007, from http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/243560/texas_town_passes_antillegal_immigrant.html Selepak, Andy. (2007, June).  $ 6 Billion a Year for Mexican â€Å"Anchor Babies?†.  Family Security Matters. Retrieved December 4, 2007, from http://www.familysecuritymatters.org/challenges.php?id=1037031 Government Bush calls for changes on illegal workers  . (2004, January 8). CNN.com. Retrieved from http://www.cnn.com/2004/ALLPOLITICS/01/07/bush.immigation/ Department of Immigration Services. (2008). Historical Immigration and Naturalization Legislation. Washington, DC: Author. Retrieved Feburary 29, 2008, from http://www,uscis.gov/portal/site/uscis/menuitem.eb1d4c2a3e5b9ac89243c6a7543f6d1a/?v Federation for American Immigration Reform.  An Immigration Reform Agenda for the 110th  Congress. Retrieved December 4, 2007 from http://www.fairus.org/site/PageServer?pagename=leg_110_reform_agenda House Research Organization-Texas House of Representatives. (2006).The Role of States in Immigration Enforcement. Retrieved December 3, 2007, from www.capitol.state.tx.us/hrofr/hrofr.htm. Jimenez, Tomas R. (2008).  Whos the immigration candidate?  Center of Immigration Studies. Retrieved February 28, 2008 from http://www.cis.org/articles/2008/latdebate.html Selepak, Andy. (2007, May).  Bush Pushes Amnesty for Illegals. Family Security Matter. Retrieved December 4, 2007. from http://familysecuritymatters.org/index.php?id=955414 The White House. (2007). Comprehensive Immigration Reform. Retrieved December 4, 2007, from http://www.whitehouse.gov/infocus/immigration Business Borjas, George J. (1994).  Journal of Economic Literature, Vol.32, No.4, pp. 1667-1717. (P)  Retrieved from http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-0515%28199412%2932%3A4%3C1667%3ATI Camarota, Stevens. (2007, November).  Immigrants in the United States, 2007 A Profile of Americas Foreign-Born Population. Center for Immigration Studies. Retrieved from December 4, 2007, from http://www.cis.org/articles/2007/back 1007.html Federation for American Immigration Reform.  New Study Finds Record Number of Immigrants Living in the U.S. Retrieved December 4, 2007 from http://www.fairus.org/site/PageServer Fix, Michael E., Passel, Jeffery S. (1994)  Immigration and Immigrants: Setting the Record Straight.  Urban Institute. (P) Retrieved February 28, 2008, from http://www.urban.org/publications/305184.html Knickerbocker, Brad. (2006, May 16).  Illegal immigrants in the US: How many are there?  The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved December 5, 2007, http://wwwcsmonitor.com/2006/0516/p01s02-ussc.html Psychology States assist increasing rate of U. S born children to illegal immigrants. (2005, June 4). USA TODAY. Retrieved December 4, 2007, from http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2005-06-04-illegal-immigrant-children_x.htm Waters, M., Eschbach, K. (1995). Immigration and Ethnic and Racial Inequality in the United States. [Electronic version].  Annual Review of Sociology, Vol.21., pp.419-446.(P). Retrieved February 5, 2008, from http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0360-0572%281995%2921%3C419%3AIAEARI%3E2.0.CO%3B2-V Zhou, Min. (1997). Growing Up American: The Challenge Confronting Immigrant Children and Children of Immigrants [Electronic version].  Annual Review of Sociology,  Vol.23.,pp.63-95. (P). Retrieved February 4, 2008, from http://links.jstor.org/sici?=0360-0572%281997%2923%3C63%3AGUATCC%3E.0Co%3B2-I Additional Sources Kidney, Walter. (Ed.) (1992).  Webster 21st  Century Dictionary.  Nashville, TN Repko, A. (2005). Interdisciplinary practice: A student guide to research and writing. Boston, MA: Person Custom Publishing.

Ways the Human Race could Destroy Itself :: Apocalypse

The End of Humanity: Could the Human Species Destroy Itself? There are lots of ways humanity could be wiped out - although I don't think any of them are particularly likely. Natural causes - An extinction-level asteroid impact would probably be sufficient, although not much else would - a disease epidemic, major climate shift, etc. would still leave many survivors to rebuild within a few hundred years. The window for such an impact is, however, extremely short, because it's extremely likely that within 300 years or so we will have the means to predict and avert all dangerous impacts. And the chance of that happening is, from historical comparison, 0.001% or less. There are a few other possibilities that would be much more catastrophic, though. One is a supernova very nearby, which would blast Earth with intense gamma radiation and most likely kill all macro-organisms. However, there aren't any stars large and old enough for this to be a risk for hundreds of thousands of years. Another is orbital destabilization of Earth (such as ejection from the Solar System) by a close-passing star - but the chance of that is extremely remote, and in addition we'd have thousands of years of warning. And the last that I can think of is alien invasion†¦ which is really out there, obviously. The eventual solar threats to life on Earth are not really relevant to humanity/posthumanity. The Sun is not large enough to supernova, but it will eventually engulf the Earth when it runs out of internal fuel and swells into a red giant. That's a good 4-5 billion years away, but well before that, though, the Sun will have become bright enough to heat Earth's surface enough to trigger a major atmospheric shift by overwhelming the "cloud effect" (which keeps temperatures on Earth stable) with a runaway greenhouse gas effect, boiling the oceans and making the planet Venus-like, uninhabitable except by micro-organisms. But even that is about 2 billion years away, plenty of time for posthumanity to rise and either avert the problem or simply head elsewhere. Accident - A scientific experiment run awry, or an unexpected side-effect of some new technology could potentially wreck some serious havoc. One possible horribly catastrophic scenario would be the unforeseen generation of a miniature black hole somewhere on Earth. If the hole did not evaporate instantaneously (and it would have to be pretty large not to, so I don't know how it would be possible to generate one accidentally) it would quickly bore a hole to the center of the Earth, absorbing more and more mass as it went, and eventually implode the planet.

Havisham and Anne Hathaway Poem Comparison Essay

The poems ‘Havisham’ and ‘Anne Hathaway’ by Carol Ann Duffy both portray two women thinking about men; however they have very opposite emotions. The speaker in ‘Havisham’ feels a mix of emotions but mainly bitter hatred and violence towards the man who left her at the altar. Anne Hathaway, however, thinks very fondly of Shakespeare in the second poem. Both poems involve strong emotions and the use of the first person in each helps to make the emotions seem more personal and immediate. The first three words of ‘Havisham’ are â€Å"beloved sweetheart bastard†, this oxymoron shows the speaker’s contrasting emotions towards her lover; she used to love him but now hates him for leaving her. The speaker in ‘Anne Hathaway’ however, describes Shakespeare as â€Å"My living laughing love†, she has affectionate memories of him and even though he is dead she talks as if he were alive. The speaker in ‘Havisham’ has been completely consumed by her hatred. She says there is â€Å"not a day since then/I haven’t wished him dead†. She is unable to stop thinking about him; she can neither forgive nor forget him. It seems that Anne Hathaway, too, often thinks about her loved one. She, however, remembers him in the context of â€Å"the bed we loved in† and remembers how blissful and contented she felt with him in that bed. Anne Hathaway uses vivid imagery to describe Shakespeare and their bed. The speaker describes their bed as â€Å"a spinning world/of forests, castles, torchlight, clifftops, seas†. It is as if when she is in bed with Shakespeare she is in one of his plays, in some exotic location or enchanted, magical world. Imagery is also used to describe the effects that the intense anger has had on Miss Havisham. When she looks in the mirror she says: â€Å"Her, myself, who did this to me? † This shows that her appearance seems unfamiliar to her and she is shocked by her transformation. She now has â€Å"dark green pebbles for eyes†, this suggests she is stony and dead inside, unable to feel love because of the pain she has suffered. She also now has â€Å"ropes on the back of my hands I could strangle with†; by saying this it shows not just how she has physically changed but also shows her murderous thoughts. Both â€Å"Havisham† and â€Å"Anne Hathaway† involve beds. In â€Å"Anne Hathaway†, Anne and Shakespeare’s bed is the stage for â€Å"romance and drama†, and while in bed with him Anne feels like â€Å"he’d written me†, as if he has brought her into being. In their bed they are making poetry together, whilst in their best bed, guests are â€Å"dribbling†¦ prose†. Miss Havisham, however, is alone in her bed, it is devoid of romance. Instead her bed is saturated with grief and hatred as all she does is â€Å"stink and remember†, she is not making poetry in her bed, instead she spends â€Å"whole days/in bed cawing Nooooo at the wall†. In her bed she fantasises having her sweetheart’s â€Å"lost body† over her, and she imagines her â€Å"fluent tongue in its mouth†, this macabre image shows how underneath her anger Miss Havisham feels lonely. The structures used for the poems vary. ‘Anne Hathaway’ is written in the form of a sonnet. This form was often used by Shakespeare so it is fitting that the character of Anne Hathaway should use it too. In ‘Havisham’ the structure looks orderly with four lines in each verse but this contrasts with the content of the poem and doesn’t reflect Miss Havisham’s confusion. The characters in both of the poems are holding onto memories of their loved ones. Miss Havisham cannot stop thinking about the day her sweetheart left her. She has been unable to move on and she is even still wearing her â€Å"yellowing† wedding dress. Anne Hathaway says she is holding onto the precious memories of Shakespeare, â€Å"in the casket of my widow’s head†, this is an apt metaphor because a casket is where you put valuable items and she is therefore keeping her memories safe. Both poems vary in nature. â€Å"Anne Hathaway† is quite a sensual poem. â€Å"Havisham†, however is quite an angry and at times violent poem, for example in the final verse the speaker says: â€Å"I stabbed at a wedding-cake Give me a male corpse for a long slow honeymoon† Her stabbing shows her violent and maniacal behaviour, and when she says â€Å"male corpse† she is showing her underlying hatred of men and maliciousness towards them. ‘Havisham’ is a poem full of grief and regret while ‘Anne Hathaway’ is a celebration of Anne Hathaway and Shakespeare’s love. The women in both poems behave in very different manners and feel very differently towards their loved ones.

Problems and Issues in Philippine Education Essay

1. Colonial historiography. Most of the past and present teachers, book authors, and Social Studies consultants give heavier premium to the history of the colonizers in the Philippines, and not to the history of Filipinos. Mostly, this has been the case in the teaching of History subjects from the elementary to tertiary levels and will most likely perpetuate in the next generations to come. The history of the Filipino people and the colonial history of the Philippines are two different topics altogether. 2. Internationalization of the division of labor. To a certain extent, the Philippine educational system conditions its students to be skillful in arithmetic and computer literacy, fluent in foreign languages (specifically English and Nihonggo), and docile in order to serve as workers of the transnational businesses of the advanced, capitalist countries. Take the case of the call center phenomenon in the Philippines, India and other developing states. see more:k-12 advantages and disadvantages 3. Emasculation and demoralization of teachers. Teachers, more often than not, are victimized by the over-worked and under-paid policy of the system of the past and present dispensations. This leads to the emasculation and demoralization of their ranks. This probably explains why the teaching profession is not attracting the best and the brightest from the crop of students anymore. Expectedly, this will correspondingly result to the vicious cycle of mediocrity in education. 4. Fly-by-night educational institutions . By any measure, the proliferation of fly-by-night educational institutions is counter-productive. In the long run, it produces a pool of half-baked, unprepared, and incompetent graduates. Alarmingly, the country is having an over-supply already. Some would even consider them as liabilities than assets. This case is true for both undergraduate and graduate studies. 5. Culturally and gender insensitive educational system. Women, the common tao and the indigenous people are almost historically excluded from the Philippine historiography in favor of the men, heroes from Luzon and the power elite. Women are marginalized and trivialized even in language of education. Take the case of the terms female lawyer (as if lawyer as a profession is exclusive only to men) and manpower (which should have been human resources or human capital to be more politically correct). 6. State abandonment of education. In the name of imperialist globalization, the state—in an incremental fashion—is abandoning its role to subsidize public education particularly in the tertiary level. This comes in the form of matriculation, laboratory and miscellaneous fee increases in order to force state colleges and universities (SCUs) to generate their own sources of fund. Ironically, the bulk of the budget (in fact, more than one-third in the case of 2005 National Budget) goes to debt servicing. 7. Sub-standard textbooks. Some textbooks which are already circulation are both poorly written and haphazardly edited. Take the case of the Asya: Noon at Ngayon with an identified total number of more than 400 historical errors. Unfortunately, it is just one of the many other similar atrociously written textbooks which are yet to be identified and exposed. This is a classic case of profit-centeredness without regard to social accountability. 8. Widespread contractualization. In the name of profit, owners and administrators of several private schools commonly practice contractualization among their faculty members. Contractual employees unlike their regular/tenured counterparts are not entitled to fringe benefits which consequently reduces the over-all cost of their business operation. Job insecurity demeans the ranks of the faculty member 9. Undue disregard for specialization. Some colleges and universities encourage their faculty pool to be generalists (under the guise of multidisciplinary approach to learning) in order to be  able to handle various subjects all at once. But some faculty members have turned out to be objects of mockery and have lost their self-esteem since some of them were pushed to handle Technical Writing, General Psychology, Filipino, and Algebra at the same time. This is prevalent among some franchised academic institutions even if the subjects are already off-tangent their area of interest and specialization. 10. Copy-pasting culture. Over-dependence to the cyberspace has dramatically reduced the capability of students (even teachers) to undertake research. ‘Copy-pasting’ has even turned into a norm among some students whenever they are tasked to submit a research paper or even a film review. Needless to say, plagiarism has already transformed into a more sophisticated form in the context of today’s electronic age. 11. Mc Donaldized education. The system, methodology, and even content of education in the Philippines are mere haphazard transplantation from the West. It is therefore Eurocentric, culturally insensitive, and non-reflective of the local milieu. This is based on the xenocentric (foreign-centered) premise that other culture or system is far more superior than one’s own. 12.The problem of non-sustainability and non-continuity. Teachers, administrators and publishers are all left in limbo whenever the DepEd would come up with another totally different directive from what it used to have in a rather very sudden interval. Take the case of the grading system, timeframe allotted to various subjects, MAKABAYAN program, readiness test, and learning competencies. 13. Poor regard for liberal art/education. Liberal education is intended to form a holistic individual equipped with communication, critical thinking, mathematical, creative, inter-personal and intra-personal skills. This explains why we also have Philosophy, Languages, Humanities, Natural Science, Social Science, Physical Education and even Theology in our college curriculum, and not only our major subjects. The curriculum is specifically designed to produce a total person, and not only  a technical specialist. Unfortunately, the desired objective is not being met at all since liberal education is regarded only as a set of minor subjects. With the way these subjects are being handled (taking into account both content and methodology), students view the entire exercise as an unnecessary duplication of what they have already covered in high school. Equally alarming is the lack of enthusiasm and motivation exhibited by some professors to handle the subject especially if they believe that it has nothing to do with the course or area of specialization of their students (say, Art Appreciation for Accounting majors or Algebra for Creative Writing majors). 13. Education a purveyor of myth. Education has been very effective in mainstreaming and perpetuating the social myths in a subtle and indirect manner. Some of these myths are the perceived superiority of white, educated men, ‘official’ history as advanced by the western point of view, globalization as the only way to achieve economic development, and stereotypes against the minoritized and the disenfranchised. 14. Further marginalization of the undersubscribed courses. In the name of profit and as a response to the dictates of the market forces, colleges and universities prefer to offer more courses in line with the health sciences like nursing, medical transcription, and care-giving. This is done at the expense of the already undersubscribed yet relevant courses like Area Studies, Pilipinolohiya (Philippine Studies), Development Studies, Philippine Arts, Art Studies, Community Development, Social Work, Islamic Studies, Clothing Technology, and Ceramics Engineering. 15. Monolithic education. Some educators in the name of conservatism and for the sake of convenience, prefer the old-style teaching paradigm where they view themselves as the fountain of knowledge and their students as nothing but empty vessels to be filled up (banking method of education). Modern education has ushered in learner-centered approach to education (from being the sage in the stage to just a guide on the side). 16. Atrociously boring teachers. As I always underscore, there are no boring subjects, only boring teachers. But at least we should recognize them because they still serve a purpose. They serve as bad examples. 16. Brain drain Apart from the much debated political, social and psychological aspects, this ongoing mass emigration constitutes an unparalleled brain drain with serious economic implications.Arguably, the phenomenon also has an educational dimension, as the Philippine society is footing the bill for the education of millions of people, who then spend the better part of their productive years abroad. In effect, the poor Philippine educational system is indirectly subsidizing the affluent economies hosting the OFWs. With 95 per cent of all elementary students attending public schools, the educational crisis in the Philippines is basically a crisis of public education. The wealthy can easily send their offspring to private schools, many of which offer first-class education to the privileged class of pupils. Read more:  Current Issues in the Philippines Problems and Issues in K to 12 Curriculum Overview It is not that difficult to understand why, despite the additional costs the program would entail, the public generally appears to take President Benigno Aquino III’s K to 12 basic education program sitting down. That is if state-sponsored surveys are to be believed. The House Committee on Basic Education claims majority of the public surveyed during its consultations favored the K to 12 program, while separate consultations by theDepartment of Education (DepEd) showed 77 percent of the 1,417 people consulted nationwide supported Aquino’s flagship education program. For one, DepEd tried to make the lengthening of the basic education cycle palatable by saying the additional junior and senior high school levels would make students ready for the world of work when they graduate in high school. Even as public elementary and high school education continues to be free under the new system, other expenses such as transportation, allowance, food, school projects and other school expenses would still burden families and take up a significant portion of the family budget. However, what apparently makes parents willing to shoulder such costs is the empty promise of employability after their children receive their hard-earned diplomas. In  the present scheme of things, the function of education is already reduced to the individual’s mere employability. The K to 12 program reinforces this societal function of education. Society also continues to regard education as essential to social mobility, an â€Å"investment† worth undertaking as the â€Å"costs do not outweigh the benefits.† Owing to its highly commercialized character, tertiary education has also become inaccessible for many Filipinos. Dominated by the private sector, higher educational institutions charge students with sky-high tuition and miscellaneous fees that remain unregulated and unchecked. Even as college education gives the student an advantage in the vicious and highly-competitive search for job opportunities, many youths forgo college schooling simply because they cannot afford it. This makes the K to 12’s employability factor more appealing and acceptable to the parents, who are made to believe that under the new education system, college education is a path which is not for everyone to tread. Lastly, any educational reform almost always appeals to many especially since there is a general consensus that our present state of education is in disarray. The word â€Å"reform† is always easy for the public to swallow because any move to veer away from the present arrangement of things is viewed as a welcome development. Reaction/comment Government officials and other advocates who are so insistent in adding two more years in the school cycle should thus join the clamor for higher wages and the regulation of prices of basic commodities and services, push for the expansion and institutionalization of student financial support systems and scholarships, and more importantly, fight for greater state subsidy to education at all levels. Any education reform program that does not take into account economic and other social factors that affect a person’s schooling is bound to fail especially when its supposed beneficiaries cannot keep pace. The public should not take the K to 12 program as a bitter pill to swallow. It should not pass judgment on the program based solely on its glittery promise of honing the student for employability, and the additional costs that parents have to shoulder. The heavy financial burden that comes with the implementation of the program is just one of the many issues on the surface. Basic problems such as lack of teacher training and the failure of the government to address input gaps are also considerations that if left  unaddressed may imperil the full implementation of the program. But a fundamental flaw of the program that merits equal attention is its inability to address the problem of decreasing access to education. Aquino’s K to 12 is anchored on improving the competencies of in-school youths but fails to consider the situation of the growing number of out-of-school youths in the country who should enjoy the universally-acknowledged right of access to educational services. Furthermore, school survival rates are not merely influenced by the student’s mental and cognitive abilities. Poverty, the peace situation, and other societal factors all contribute to the increasing drop-out rates that cannot be remedied by mere curricular reforms and additional years of schooling. What use does a more â€Å"enjoyable† learning experience have when the student cannot even afford to go to school due to his or her financial woes? The K to 12 is marketed as a program wherein the student is given the option to pursue different paths upon graduation: employment, entrepreneurship, and higher education. This freedom of choice touted by the K to 12 proponents, however, is illusory since the student’s choice is actually limited by the reality that higher education has become a privilege and that the worsening economic conditions in the country are pushing Filipinos to seek jobs instead of pursuing higher education. The program’s objective to produce â€Å"globally competitive graduates† also run counter to the supposed freedom that the student possesses in choosing his or her career path. In reality, under the present economic set-up, the prescriptions of market dictates shape our choices and decisions, be it in the brands we purchase, the artists we subscribe to, the course we take in college, and even in the profession or occupation we wish to have. With the government systematically and aggressively promoting the export of labor and the dependence on external sources of jobs and economic growth through its economic policies, it can be expected that majority of the jobs and fields of learning that the students would be pursuing are those that are in tune with the demands of global market—call center jobs, technical-vocational jobs abroad, etc. It is contemptible, how at a young age people are told to pursue whatever dreams they have but education agencies would be coming up with a list of courses that are highly discouraged simply because they are not what the global market demands. Thus, the observation that the real motive behind the K to 12 education reform program is to further intensify  labor export by systematically targeting the country’s young labor force, and further service the demands of multinational firms is not without basis. As seen from the K to 12 curriculum, there is a noticeable focus given to technology and livelihood education (TLE) during high school, with the learner even obtaining a certificate of competency required by industries. In Grades 7 and 8, TLE subjects are exploratory, which means that the learner is given the opportunity to learn 5 basic competencies: 1) mensuration and calculation, 2) use of tools and equipment, 3) interpretation of plans/drawing 4) occupational health and safety in the workplace 5) maintenance of tools and equipment. In Grade 9, the learner chooses one course to specialize in from among the exploratory courses and in Grade 10, he/she pursues the TLE specialization that he/she has chosen in the previous grade in order for him/her to obtain at least a National Certificate Level I or Level II. There is completely nothing wrong with developing the technical and vocational skills of the citizens if these are oriented towards genuine economic development through national industrialization. However, the present economic orientation of the country shows that tech-voc courses supply either the demands abroad or the pool of skilled reserve labor servicing multinational firms which take advantage of the country’s cheap skilled labor. While the intentions seem laudable at first glance, the underlying context of the implementation of the K to 12 program could be best understood by looking at the government’s problematic general development framework that is the Philippine Development Plan, which seeks to reinforce the country’s adherence to the flawed development paradigm of neoliberal globalization. The K to 12 program’s thrust of producing â€Å"21st century graduates† is nothing but an affirmation and a reinforcement of the country’s role in the uneven world order where economies such are ours are molded according to the interests of the powers-that-be. Thus, the K to 12 education program can be considered a sine qua non for the fulfillment of the government’s agenda of trawling the path of the globalization project, which has only made the country vulnerable to the world economic crisis and has yielded the very crisis that plagues  Philippine education. Our country ha s gone through many changes and development for the past few years. The continuous process made great impacts in the lives of millions of Filipinos. Relatively, the changes have given us advantages not to mention the disadvantages it brought causing downfall to many people. There are numerous questions concerning the issues and problems existing in the Philippine Educational System as to how we can resolve it the best way we could to attain that kind of quality of education we have been searching and longing for. Where do we begin and how do we respond to such? Public schools are the building blocks of our societies. They can be considered our foundational instruments. Although these venues of learning play significant roles, they are unable to provide the best they can, due to their numerous flaws. As I’ve gone through different readings and researches, questions were arising in my mind as to what solutions are applicable in addressing the problems about the quality of education, affordability, budget, mismatch, integration of sex education in the curriculum, R.A. 9710 (Magna Carta for Women) and other concerns which are somehow related to it. I will always stand for what I believe in according to my observations that we have good guidelines and policies on education but what is lacking is the ability to implement such in accordance to the needs of every school, majority of which belong to the public education system. Generally, Philippine Education aims to provide quality and free education both for the elementary and secondary public schools but again this have not been observed and understood well causing it to be a burden most especially to the students and parents.